1. Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)-A cool-season biennial reaching 1-3’ tall. First year plants consist of rosette clusters of round, scalloped-edged, dark-green leaves, second-year plants produce a flowering stem with numerous 4-petaled white flowers in May. Fruits are slender capsules containing many black seeds. This rapidly spreading, non-native, invasive weed threatens native woodland wildflowers.

2. Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) One of the principle causes of late-season hay fever allergies. This native plant grows 1-4’ tall with lacey, deeply cut, hairy leaves. The male pollen-producing flowers are in small clusters at the tips of branches, while seed-producing flowers are at bases of leaves.
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3. Common Burdock (Arctium minus)- A non-native biennial, reproducing a distinct 1-2’ rosette of large, coarse, heart-shaped leaves with a thick 3-4’ flowering stalk bearing numerous purple flowers with hooked spines, which later form a ½-inch bur that often attaches to clothing and hair of animals.

4. Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)- A non-native annual weed reaching 2-3’ high; a grooved stem often with red or green striations; leaves have a silvery sheen and are said to resemble the shape of a goosefoot; tiny panicles of ball-like green flowers are borne at the ends of branches and in the axils of the leaves from June-September; plants spread by seeds.
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5. Chicory (Cichorium intybus)- Showy, cornflower blue flowers appear mid-summer on 1-3’ stems; leaves partly clasp the stem, while low-growing rosette leaves resemble dandelion leaves. This non-native perennial was cultivated for its roots and used as a coffee substitute.

6. Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare)- A 3-6’ biennial with coarse, broad rosette of spiny leaves; plant sends up a vicious, spiny flower stalk during the second year; 2” wide flowers resemble a spiny, rosy-purple pineapple with overlapping bracts; male and female plants needed to produce seeds; spreads primarily by creeping roots.
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7. Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)-A 1-3’ long, twining vine with arrow-shaped leaves; pale pink to white flowers appear in June-July; very persistent in rich, heavy alkaline soil where roots are capable of penetrating the soil 20’ deep; naturalized from Europe.

8. Queen Anne’s Lace (Daucus carota)-This sun-loving, European biennial produces a stout taproot and a rosette of finely-cut, parsley-like, feathery leaves; second year growth produces a 3’ stalk of large, umbrella-shaped, white flower clusters in July-September.

9. Annual Fleabane (Erigeron annuus)- A coarse, annual, native weed found in sunny meadows and roadsides; 1-2’ high with hairy stems and leaves; numerous clusters of white to pinkish daisy-like flowers.
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10. Bedstraw (Galium aparine)- This native annual has 6-8 hooked spiny leaves in a whorl around low-growing, square, sprawling stems in shady areas; rough, paired fruit is a round bristly sphere often found clinging to clothing.

11. Creeping Charlie (Glechoma hederacea)- Often called ground ivy because of its trailing habit; a member of the mint family with square stems and a minty odor; smooth, scalloped round leaves; light blue, lipped flowers; a non-native perennial with shallow roots spreading by seed or by creeping stems.

12. Jewelweed (Impatiens pallida)- The popular name “touch-me-not” refers to the ripe seed capsule that bursts when touched; delicate yellow or orange speckled flowers appear June-September; bluish-green leaves and juicy stems are known to relieve itching from nettles and poison ivy; plants grow 2-5’ tall; native in mesic woodlands in northeastern United States.

13. Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)- A tall, 8’ native perennial with a thick, fleshy taproot; distinct reddish stems and branches bear drooping clusters of tiny white flowers; immature green fruits turn an attractive dark purple in September; poisonous.

14. Red-stem Plantain (Plantago rugellii)- A broad-leaved, native perennial with long slender flowering and fruiting spikes; leaves have wavy margins, conspicuous veins, and purplish color at the base of the petiole; 6-12” tall; common in lawns and sidewalk cracks.
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15. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea)- A smooth, thick-stemmed, sprawling, annual weed up to 12” high; fleshy leaves often tinged red; a hot-weather plant found in open, rich-soil gardens; naturalized from Europe.
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16. Bittersweet Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara)- A slender, non-native perennial with long, trailing branches; simple, dark green, pointed leaves; violet-blue flowers with showy yellow stamens; immature green berries turn bright red; poisonous.

17. Common Chickweed (Stellaria media)-A low-growing, mat-like plant; small leaves are arranged opposite on creeping stems; abundant, star-like, white flowers in early spring; naturalized from Europe.

18.Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) –A 2’ spreading and creeping perennial, found in fields and in poor soil conditions; the 3-leafed, compound leaves have a distinct white band; large, ball-like, terminal flower clusters are pink to magenta.

19. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)- A common weed in landscapes, sidewalks, and roadsides; 10-12” tall; flat basal rosette of long, toothed leaves; golden-yellow, solitary flowers form puffs of white seed heads. Flowers are used to make wine and young leaves are used in salads; naturalized from Europe.

20. Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)- A tap-rooted, biennial growing up to 7’ tall; large, soft, fuzzy leaves; small, bright sulphur-yellow flowers are borne in dense cylindrical spike in dry, stony soils, meadows, and roadsides.